Silko and Trump on Weaving

Navajo rug

Wednesday

So after years of Donald Trump periodically citing various experts in support of his actions (whom he never names), he has finally gotten around to my profession. Apparently English professors are telling him that his rambling talks are “the most brilliant thing I’ve ever seen.” I guess this means we professors are putting his stream-of-consciousness gibberish—what he calls “the weave”—up there with James Joyce’s Ulysses and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway.

I’ll share his quote in a moment, along with how my own mind has woven together our current political situation and Leslie Marmon Silko’s novel Ceremony. But before I go on, let me reassure readers that this post will be less about Trump’s inanities and more about mending the torn fabric of our nation. I believe, on the basis of what Silko says about the healing process, that Kamala Harris and Tim Walz have the potential to make some significant progress in that endeavor.

To start us off, here’s Trump’s quote:

I do the weave. You know what the weave is? I’ll talk about, like, nine different things and they all come back brilliantly together. And friends of mine who are, like, English professors, they say: “That’s the most brilliant thing I’ve ever seen!” But the fake news, you know what they say? “He rambled.” It’s not rambling. What you do is you get off a subject, mention another little tidbit, then you get back onto the subject. And you go through this, and you do it for two hours, and you don’t even mispronounce one word.

First, I doubt seriously that Trump has any English professor friends. (It’s an open question whether he has any friends at all but put that aside.) Second, while it’s true that the musings of Leopold Bloom and Clarissa Dalloway are all over the map, they are engaging in private thoughts, not public performances. Neither one, when talking to someone else, would deliver anything comparable to the following, voiced during a recent Trump rally:

You take a look at bacon and some of these products. Some people don’t eat bacon anymore. And we are going to get the energy prices down. When we get energy down — you know, this was caused by their horrible energy — wind, they want wind all over the place. But when it doesn’t blow, we have a little problem.

John Stoehr of the blog Editorial Board, drawing on first-hand experience with a close family member, believes that Trump’s “weaving” is a sign of dementia, with his denials an attempt to hide it. “He knows he’s rambling so he covers it up saying he’s not rambling,” Stoehr contends before adding,  

He must prove it’s not happening. He does this by repeating himself. It’s as if the sheer volume of verbosity will make it real. It’s as if getting us to believe he’s still big and strong and tough will stop the inevitable.

Silko sees herself as a weaver of stories, transcribing what “Thought-Woman, the spider” puts in her head. What initially put me on to Ceremony was Silko’s own description of out-of-control stream of consciousness. In her case, she’s describing the PTSD thoughts of Tayo, a World War II veteran who has seen Rocky, his cousin and best friend, killed when the Japanese held them captive. Early in the novel, Silko uses the metaphor of tangled threads to capture his state of mind:

He could get no rest as long as the memories were tangled with the present, tangled up like colored threads from old Grandma’s wicker sewing basket when he was a child, and he had carried them outside to play and they had spilled out of his arms into the summer weeds and rolled away in all directions, and then he had hurried to pick them up before Aunti found him. He could feel it inside his skull—the tension of little threads beingp ulled and how it was with tangled things, things tied together, and as he tried to pull them apart and rewind them into their places, they snagged and tangled even more. So Tayo had to sweat through those nights when thoughts became entangled; he had to sweat to think of something that wasn’t unraveled or tied in knots to the past…

Later, when Tayo goes to the local medicine man searching for healing, we learn about the fragility of a weave, in this case a spider’s early morning web:

“But you know, grandson, this world is fragile.”

The word he chose to express “fragile” was filled with the intricacies of a continuing process, and with a strength inherent in spider webs woven across paths through sand hills where early in the morning the sun becomes entangled in each filament of web. It took a long time to explain the fragility and intricacy because no word exists alone, and the story for choosing each word had to be explained with a story about why it must be said this certain way.

We also learn about how easily those threads can be destroyed:

The old man only made him certain of something he had feared all along, something in the old stories. It took only one person to tear away the delicate strands of the web, spilling the rays of sun into the sand, and the fragile world would be injured.

From the start of his first presidential campaign, Trump has been tearing apart norms and institutions, most notably the peaceful transition of power, respect for military veterans, respect for the rule of law, and, recently, the rituals of Arlington National Cemetery. Nothing to him is sacred. Indeed, the line describing Big Jim in Bob Dylan’s “Jack of Hearts” often comes to me when I think of Trump:

With his bodyguards and silver cane and every hair in place
He took whatever he wanted to and he laid it all to waste

I promised you a more positive turn to this post so here it is. Tayo is on a healing quest—for himself and for the world—and he searches for a pattern that will address the sickness that has set humans against the environment, Whites against Indians, and Indians against Indians. In the end, he finds it in an inner peace that refuses to get drawn into the world’s hatred, anger, and fear, what Silko calls witchery. It’s like the way that Harris insists on joy and hope in the face of Trump’s racism and misogyny.

This peace is captured in beautiful patterns that one finds in Pueblo blankets and Navajo sand paintings. Ultimately Tayo finds that pattern in the stars:

Tonight the old priests would be praying for the force to continue the relentless motion of the stars. But there were others who would be working this night, casting loose countermotions to suck in a great spiral, swallowing the universe endlessly into the black mouth, their diagrams in black ash on cave walls outlining the end in motionless dead stars. But he saw the constellation in the north sky, and the fourth star was directly above him; the pattern of the ceremony was in the stars, and the constellation formed a map of the mountains in the directions he had gone for the ceremony. For each star there was a night and a place; this was the last night and the last place, when the darkness of night and the light of day were balanced. His protection was there in the sky, in the position of the sun, in the pattern of the stars. He had only to complete this night, to keep the story out of the reach of the destroyers for a few more hours, and their witchery would turn, upon itself, upon them. 

It so happens that the witchery does in fact collapse in upon itself as the forces seeking to destroy Tayo, baffled by his refusal to engage with them, instead turn on each other. I wonder if something similar will eventually happen to Trump and Trumpism. The racists and fascists that Trump has emboldened have already destroyed the traditional GOP. Will they eventually cannibalize each other? Silko concludes the novel with the following poem:

Whirling darkness
started its journey
with its witchery
and
its witchery
has returned upon it.

Its witchery
has returned
into its belly.

Its own witchery
has returned
all around it.

Whirling darkness
has come back on itself.
It keeps all its witchery
to itself.

It doesn’t open its eyes
with its witchery.

It has stiffened
with the effects of its own witchery.

It is dead for now.
It is dead for now.
It is dead for now.
It is dead for now.

And then, on the last page:

Sunrise,
accept this offering,
Sunrise.

Or as the Rev. Al Sharpton put it in his speech at the Democratic National Convention:

[W]eeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning. We’ve endured January 6th. We’ve endured conspiracy theories. We’ve endured lies and areas of darkness. But if we stay together, Black, White, Latina, Asian, Indian American, if we stay together, joy, joy, joy, joy coming in the morning.

Believe it.

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The Bard on How to Drive Dramatically

Wednesday

For a humorous interlude, I share today a post I encountered on Spoutible that was triggered by someone offering driving advice. (I don’t know who started the thread.) Apparently some official somewhere asserted that “obeying the rules when you drive dramatically reduces your chances of crashing,” leading this wag to wonder what it in fact meant to “drive dramatically.” Could it, he or she wondered, involve quoting Shakespeare as one negotiates traffic? And if so, which passages would one turn to?

Responders weighed in with several creative answers, to which I’ve added several more. Feel free to send in your own.

You can use this as a quiz as well. Can you identify the original passage in each instance? (Answers at the end)

1. Is this a red light I see before me?!

2. Forsooth, yonder light is rendered green. And yet thou dost tarry! Shall I produce such a sound as to wake you from your slumber?

3. What light through yonder windscreen breaks? Is it the amber, and my brake pedal the sun!

4. Alfa Romeo, Alfa Romeo, wherefore art thou parked Alfa Romeo?

And now my own contributions:

5. Hell is empty and all the traffic is here!

6. Lord, what fools these others drivers be!

7. The first thing we do, let’s kill all the traffic cops.

8. The devil can cite traffic law to his purpose.

9. I wish my car had the speed of your tongue!

10. Beware the Ides of March—especially if it falls on a weekday between 4-7 and you’re trying to exit Atlanta.

Answer key:
1. Macbeth
2. I’m thinking a combination of Romeo and Juliet and Midsummer Night’s Dream
3. Romeo and Juliet
4. Romeo and Juliet
5. The Tempest
6. Midsummer Night’s Dream
7. Henry VI, Part II
8. Merchant of Venice
9. Much Ado about Nothing
10. Julius Caesar

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Candide on Trump as God’s Messenger

Trump following assassination attempt

Tuesday

According to the Washington Post’s Philip Bump, Donald Trump surviving an assassin’s bullet has elevated him to messiah status amongst certain of his evangelical supporters. One of the problems of such reasoning was voiced by Voltaire 265 years ago.

In his article, Bump reports that some supporters in Congress and on social media

have shared Bible scriptures and illustrations showing the Holy Ghost deflecting the bullet. Internet celebrities such as boxer Jake Paul have called the moment proof of “who God wants to win,” and posters on TheDonald, a far-right message board unaffiliated with Trump, have mentioned God seven times as often as they did in the week before the shooting, a Washington Post analysis found.

Trump, as they see him, has been anointed by God to save a troubled nation, and apparently Trump is in agreement. Here’s what he had to say in a recent television interview with Dr. Phil (McGraw):

“Is there a reason you think you were spared?” McGraw asked.

“I mean, the only thing I can think is that God loves our country,” Trump replied. “And he thinks we’re going to bring our country back. He wants to bring it back.”

“You believe God’s hand was in this that day?” McGraw asked a bit later in the discussion.

“I believe so, yeah, I do,” Trump replied.

“And you talk about the country; you believe you have more to do,” McGraw followed up. “You weren’t done. You were spared for a reason.”

“Well,” Trump said, “God believes that.”

Bump then raises the objection that Voltaire voiced in his satire Candide. Why, he asks, did firefighter Corey Comperatore, who was struck by one of the bullets, have to die? He adds wryly that the question went unaddressed by McGraw or Trump.

It does not go unaddressed in Candide. In Voltaire’s scorching satire, a Dutch sea captain has just robbed Candide of many of the jewels he acquired in El Dorado:

Candide followed in a little boat to join the vessel in the roads. The skipper seized his opportunity, set sail, and put out to sea, the wind favoring him. Candide, dismayed and stupefied, soon lost sight of the vessel.

“Alas!” said he, “this is a trick worthy of the old world!”

It so happens, however, that Candide, upon booking a second ship, comes upon a sea battle where a Spanish vessel is attacking the ship of the thief. He watches as the ship goes down, along with “the immense plunder which this villain had amassed.” Candide sees the same hand of providence at work that Trump’s evangelical supporters saw in his case:

“You see,” said Candide to Martin, “that crime is sometimes punished. This rogue of a Dutch skipper has met with the fate he deserved.”

To which Martin asks, “But why should the passengers be doomed also to destruction?

Seeking his own explanatory framework, Martin comes up with one which appears to let God somewhat off the hook: “God has punished the knave, and the devil has drowned the rest.”

This actually sounds like Trumpian reasoning: Trump takes credit for whatever goes right while finding ways to blame others for whatever goes wrong.

In any event, as a supreme egotist, Trump unsurprisingly takes it for granted that God would single him out to save. As for Comperatore, I doubt he has given him a second thought.

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Celebrate Work? or Complain about It?

Elisabeth Moss as Peggy Olson in Mad Men

Monday – Labor Day

When it comes to my Labor Day post, I always face the question of whether my literary selection should celebrate labor or relief from labor. Frequently I think of the passage in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness where narrator Marlow shares his mixed feelings about work. In this instance, the work involves refitting the boat that will take him into the Congo to retrieve Kurtz:

She rang under my feet like an empty Huntley & Palmer biscuit-tin kicked along a gutter; she was nothing so solid in make, and rather less pretty in shape, but I had expended enough hard work on her to make me love her. No influential friend would have served me better. She had given me a chance to come out a bit—to find out what I could do. No, I don’t like work. I had rather laze about and think of all the fine things that can be done. I don’t like work—no man does—but I like what is in the work—the chance to find yourself. Your own reality—for yourself, not for others—what no other man can ever know. They can only see the mere show, and never can tell what it really means.

One finds a very different view of work in Jenny Diver’s violent revenge fantasy in Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weil’s Three Penny Opera. The fantasy, which helps Jenny endure her hard life, starts with her venting her frustrations:

You people can watch while I’m scrubbing these floors
And I’m scrubbin’ the floors while you’re gawking
Maybe once ya tip me and it makes ya feel swell
In this crummy southern town
In this crummy old hotel
But you’ll never guess to who you’re talkin’.
No. you couldn’t ever guess to who you’re talkin’.

And then “one night there’s a scream in the night” as a ghostly black freighter sails into the harbor. The ship’s cannons level all the building except for the hotel, and the only one who knows why is Jenny, whom the others see “grinnin’ while I’m scrubbin’.” The mystery is solved the next morning when they see her stepping out, “looking nice with a ribbon in my hair”:

And the ship
The black freighter
Runs a flag up its masthead
And a cheer rings the air

By noontime the dock
Is a-swarmin’ with men
Comin’ out from the ghostly freighter
They move in the shadows
Where no one can see
And they’re chainin’ up people
And they’re bringin’ em to me
Askin’ me,
“Kill them now, or later?”
Askin’ me!
“Kill them now, or later?”

Noon by the clock
And so still by the dock
You can hear a foghorn miles away
And in that quiet of death
I’ll say, “right now.
Right now!”

Then they’ll pile up the bodies
And I’ll say,
“That’ll learn ya!”

And the ship
The black freighter
Disappears out to sea
And
On
It
Is
Me

Brecht does not see women as sweet, soft, and sentimental angels ready to forgive. (Neither does Margaret Atwood, come to think of it—I’ve just reread Blind Assassin and see her rebelling against the same stereotype.)

Marge Piercy’s “Secretary’s Chant,” today’s featured poem, is closer to Jenny’s vision than Marlow’s (although it lacks the revenge fantasy).  There’s nothing noble or self-revelatory about how the job takes over the speaker’s identity, prompting her to see herself as an anonymous cog in the corporate structure. “File me under W,” she says—she might as well say, “Bury me”– “because I wonce was a woman.”

The Secretary Chant
By Marge Piercy

My hips are a desk,
From my ears hang
chains of paper clips.
Rubber bands form my hair.
My breasts are quills of
mimeograph ink.
My feet bear casters,
Buzz. Click.
My head is a badly organized file.
My head is a switchboard
where crossed lines crackle.
Press my fingers
and in my eyes appear
credit and debit.
Zing. Tinkle.
My navel is a reject button.
From my mouth issue canceled reams.
Swollen, heavy, rectangular
I am about to be delivered
of a baby
Xerox machine.
File me under W
because I wonce
was
a woman.

In “Epistle from Mrs. Yonge to Her Husband,” Lady Mary Wortley Montagu imagines a victim of marital injustice writing, “But this last privilege I still retain;/ Th’ oppressed and injured always may complain.” “Pirate Jenny’s Song” and “Secretary’s Chant” invoke this last privilege. I imagine them sharing these poems around a barbecue on the one day of the year that has been specially set up for them.

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Facing the Terrors of Freedom & Joy

Gerard van Honhorst, St. Peter Being Freed from Prison

Sunday

I was thumbing through my Collected Poetry of Denise Levertov yesterday and came across a wonderful poem that I had forgotten about. My late friend Dana Greene, in her biography of Levertov, spoke of the poet’s focus on “primary wonder,” and what I love about Levertov is that, for her, such wonder is not the end but the beginning. It’s after we experience divine revelation that the real work begins.

That’s how it was for the disciples after they encountered the risen Jesus and how it is for Peter in the poem that I share today. “St. Peter and the Angel” is a reflection on this episode, recounted in Acts 12: 5-11, about Peter’s miraculous escape from Herod’s prison. Here’s the passage:

 Peter was therefore kept in prison, but constant prayer was offered to God for him by the church. And when Herod was about to bring him out, that night Peter was sleeping, bound with two chains between two soldiers; and the guards before the door were keeping the prison. Now behold, an angel of the Lord stood by him, and a light shone in the prison; and he struck Peter on the side and raised him up, saying, “Arise quickly!” And his chains fell off his hands. Then the angel said to him, “Gird yourself and tie on your sandals”; and so he did. And he said to him, “Put on your garment and follow me.” So he went out and followed him, and did not know that what was done by the angel was real, but thought he was seeing a vision. When they were past the first and the second guard posts, they came to the iron gate that leads to the city, which opened to them of its own accord; and they went out and went down one street, and immediately the angel departed from him.

And when Peter had come to himself, he said, “Now I know for certain that the Lord has sent His angel, and has delivered me from the hand of Herod and from all the expectation of the Jewish people.”

Somewhat like Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor, Peter realizes that our most challenging task is handling the freedom we are granted. While the Inquisitor speaks of the fear, however, he omits the joy that comes with embracing that freedom. When we can no longer feel the angel, that’s when we hear our own footsteps and experience the “long street’s majestic emptiness”:

St. Peter and the Angel
By Denise Levertov

Delivered out of raw continual pain,
smell of darkness, groans of those others
to whom he was chained–

unchained, and led
past the sleepers,
door after door silently opening–
out!
    And along a long street’s
majestic emptiness under the moon:

one hand on the angel’s shoulder, one
feeling the air before him,
eyes open but fixed . . .

And not till he saw the angel had left him,
alone and free to resume
the ecstatic, dangerous, wearisome roads of
what he had still to do,
not till then did he recognize
this was no dream. More frightening
than arrest, than being chained to his warders:
he could hear his own footsteps suddenly.
Had the angel’s feet
made any sound? He could not recall.
No one had missed him, no one was in pursuit.
He himself must be
the key, now, to the next door,
the next terrors of freedom and joy.

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Blake, Gibran, and Harris’s Joy

Kamala Harris

Friday

When Bill Clinton, speaking at the Democratic National Convention, said, “We need Kamala Harris, the president of joy, to lead us,” I thought of some of the great poems about joy. They include two by William Blake and another by Kahlil Gibran.

Before looking them over, let’s first talk about this joy explosion that has broken out amongst Democrats. Fascism expert Ruth Ben-Ghiat says that joy is critical in opposing dictators and wannabe dictators and that the Harris-Walz campaign are right to adopt the slogan “Joy and Hope.” The scholar notes that

positive emotions such as love, solidarity, and yes, joy, have been part of successful anti-authoritarian political strategies. Positive emotions motivate people to engage in politics when they might have grown apathetic or cynical about the possibility of change.

She therefore takes issue with a New York Times opinion column by columnist Patrick Healy when he “cringed a little” at Clinton’s words, opining, “”Joy is not a political strategy.” Rather than simply disagree with him, however, Ben-Ghiat goes further and analyzes his response. We’ve been so inundated by negative images and rhetoric “designed to evoke fear, contempt, hatred, and disgust with others,” she says, that the prospect of joy feels unfamiliar and even shocking. The purpose of Trump’s language has been, in part, to make us “feel hopeless and down, so that we lose our faith in ourselves and each other.”

One thinks of the “immigrants as rapists and murderers” speech with which Trump began his first presidential campaign; his “American carnage” speech at his inauguration; the ceaseless lying and demonization that we endured during his years in office; and the non-stop attacks in the years since on the judicial system that has been trying to hold him accountable. No wonder, then, that a newspaper columnist would be distrustful.

Fear, contempt, hatred, and disgust with others don’t necessarily get the last word, however. In his poem “Joy and Sorrow,” which appears in The Prophet, Gibran makes Ben-Ghiat’s point in another way. The joy that many of us are feeling at the moment, Gibran would explain, is a logical outgrowth of the sorrow we have been experiencing. The two are coin sides of each other:

Joy and Sorrow
By Kahlil Gibran

Then a woman said, ‘Speak to us of Joy and Sorrow.’
And he answered:
Your joy is your sorrow unmasked.
And the selfsame well from which your laughter rises was oftentimes filled with your tears.
And how else can it be?
The deeper that sorrow carves into your being, the more joy you can contain.
Is not the cup that hold your wine the very cup that was burned in the potter’s oven?
And is not the lute that soothes your spirit, the very wood that was hollowed with knives?
When you are joyous, look deep into your heart and you shall find it is only that which has given you sorrow that is giving you joy.
When you are sorrowful look again in your heart, and you shall see that in truth you are weeping for that which has been your delight.
Some of you say, “Joy is greater than sorrow,” and others say, “Nay, sorrow is the greater.”
But I say unto you, they are inseparable.
Together they come, and when one sits alone with you at your board, remember that the other is asleep upon your bed.
Verily you are suspended like scales between your sorrow and your joy.
Only when you are empty are you at standstill and balanced.
When the treasure-keeper lifts you to weigh his gold and his silver, needs must your joy or your sorrow rise or fall.

Perhaps Trump has carved into our being, attempting to hollow us out with his knives. What he has wrought instead, however, is a lute that soothes the spirit.

Blake makes the same point–that joy and woe are closely linked–in a passage from his mystical “Auguries of Innocence”:

Man was made for Joy & Woe 
And when this we rightly know 
Thro the World we safely go 
Joy & Woe are woven fine
A Clothing for the soul divine 
Under every grief & pine
Runs a joy with silken twine 

Blake doesn’t end the matter there, however. In his short poem “Eternity,” he feels the need to distinguish between different kinds of joy:

Eternity
By William Blake

He who binds to himself a joy
Does the winged life destroy;
But he who kisses the joy as it flies
Lives in eternity’s sun rise.

The lyric serves as a good rejoinder to those who contend that Democrats are experiencing a sugar high, that Harris is having a honeymoon that can’t last, that “joy is not a political strategy.” And to give this observation some credit, this is the case when we “bind” ourselves to a certain feel-good moment. If we do so, then we do indeed destroy this winged thing, becoming disheartened when the feeling dissipates.

But if, instead, we kiss the joy as it flies—if we dedicate ourselves, in our multicultural democracy, to living fully each moment and honoring the full personhood of each person we meet—then the daily sunrise promises us new experiences and new treasures. When a joyful approach to life brings such rewards, why would we ever tire of it?

Citing a Biblical passage that Blake knew well, the Rev. Al Sharpton summed up my point today in his uplifting speech to the Democratic National Convention. Psalm 30 tells us, he told the delegates, that

weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning. We’ve endured January 6th. We’ve endured conspiracy theories. We’ve endured lies and areas of darkness. But if we stay together, Black, White, Latina, Asian, Indian American, if we stay together, joy, joy, joy, joy coming in the morning.

You tell it, preacher.

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Harris’s Speech and a Baldwin Story

Kamala Harris speaking at the Democratic National Convention

Thursday

Two days ago I was having a fun conversation on Spoutible about why English majors often make good lawyers, with my interlocutor–one Phil Boiarski—mentioning the rhetorical skills lawyers need to be successful. Then he asked me what I thought of Kamala Harris’s acceptance speech.

While rhetorical analysis is not a strength of mine, I know that I experienced a mood shift in the course of the speech. I started off feeling warm and fuzzy as Harris recounted her parents’ immigrant stories, along with how her mother and her neighbors combined to bring her up in a middle class Oakland neighborhood. Then, however, the tone shifted dramatically as Harris got serious.

Tomi T. Ahonen, who writes extensively about political speechifying, helped me understand what had happened. The speech, he noted, had two parts, the first recounting Harris’s life story, the second channeling Winston Churchill. About the latter, I’m assuming he particularly had in mind such passages as,

And know this: I will never hesitate to take whatever action is necessary to defend our forces and our interests against Iran and Iran-backed terrorists. And I will not cozy up to tyrants and dictators like Kim-Jong-Un, who are rooting for Trump. Because they know he is easy to manipulate with flattery and favors. They know Trump won’t hold autocrats accountable—because he wants to be an autocrat.

As President, I will never waver in defense of America’s security and ideals. Because, in the enduring struggle between democracy and tyranny, I know where I stand—and where the United States of America belongs.

As I listened, I felt that a battle bugle had been sounded and that I was being marched into action. Or as I told my Spoutible companion in a reference that may have confused him, I felt like the jazz-playing brother in James Baldwin’s short story “Sonny’s Blues” when he’s back at the piano again.

Sonny has recently been released from imprisonment for heroin possession and for the first time is sitting down with his old band at a jazz club. Creole, the band leader, leads Sonny to the piano and at first allows him to focus on the positive:

[Sonny] seemed to have found, right there beneath his fingers, a damn brand-new piano. It seemed that he couldn’t get over it. Then, for a while, just being happy with Sonny, [the band] seemed to be agreeing with him that brand-new pianos certainly were a gas.

Similarly, as we listened to Harris, we were happy to join her in her immigrant success story, one of the foundational stories of our republic.

But we can’t remain in this space any more than Sonny can remain in his. The band leader is there to remind everyone why Sonny is there:

Then Creole stepped forward to remind them that what they were playing was the blues. He hit something in all of them, he hit something in me, myself, and the music tightened and deepened, apprehension began to beat the air. Creole began to tell us what the blues were all about. They were not about anything very new. He and his boys up there were keeping it new, at the risk of ruin, destruction, madness, and death, in order to find new ways to make us listen. For, while the tale of how we suffer, and how we are delighted, and how we may triumph is never new, it always must be heard. There isn’t any other tale to tell, it’s the only light we’ve got in all this darkness.

It’s for Sonny, as it is for Harris, to take leadership in this situation:

And this tale, according to that face, that body, those strong hands on those strings, has another aspect in every country, and a new depth in every generation. Listen, Creole seemed to be saying, listen. Now these are Sonny’s blues. He made the little black man on the drums know it, and the bright, brown man on the horn. Creole wasn’t trying any longer to get Sonny in the water. He was wishing him Godspeed. Then he stepped back, very slowly, filling the air with the immense suggestion that Sonny speak for himself.

And speak for himself Sonny does:

Then they all gathered around Sonny and Sonny played. Every now and again one of them seemed to say, amen. Sonny’s fingers filled the air with life, his life. But that life contained so many others. And Sonny went all the way back, he really began with the spare, flat statement of the opening phrase of the song. Then he began to make it his. It was very beautiful because it wasn’t hurried and it was no longer a lament. I seemed to hear with what burning he had made it his, and what burning we had yet to make it ours, how we could cease lamenting. Freedom lurked around us and I understood, at last, that he could help us to be free if we would listen, that he would never be free until we did.

The narrator, who has had his own sorrows, finds momentary relief in Sonny’s playing, even while he simultaneously realizes “that this was only a moment, that the world waited outside, as hungry as a tiger, and that trouble stretched above us, longer than the sky.”

Harris pointed to our own challenges, even as she gave Democrats and a fair number of Republicans and Independents the confidence that she was the right person to lead us in that endeavor.

In her shift of tone and substance, I was also reminded of Obama’s 2009 inaugural address. Many came to it wanting to bask in his vision of hope and change and were startled when he talked instead of getting down to business. “We campaign in poetry but govern in prose,” New York Governor Mario Cuomo famously said, and Obama and Harris pointed to some of the prose that awaits us.

At the end of Baldwin’s story, Sonny’s playing results in a reconciliation between the two brothers, who have become estranged. For her part, Harris is managing—at least for the moment—to bring together progressives, liberals, moderates, and a significant number of center-right conservatives. Freedom lurks around us, she told us, and she can help us be free if we send her to the White House.

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When Stories Are Weaponized

Wednesday

Increasing attention is being paid these days to the dangerous power of storytelling. In addition to my own book, I’m thinking of Peter Brooks’s Seduced by Story: The Use and Abuse of Narrative and Annalee Newitz’s Stories Are Weapons: Psychological Warfare and the American Mind, as well as Lyta Gold’s forthcoming Dangerous Fictions: The Fear of Fantasy and the Invention of Reality (I examine Gold’s ideas here and have posted a whole series of essays on Brooks, including this one. Today I turn my attention to Newitz’s book.

According to the publisher’s website, Newitz contends that “coercive storytelling” has always been America’s secret weapon, going all the way back to the American Revolution and reaching its apotheosis in the Cold War and twenty-first-century on-line influence campaigns. Operatives who shaped modern psychological warfare, she says, drew on their experiences as science fiction writers and in the advertising industry.

Powerful weapons will always find their way into bad hands, of course, and according to Newitz, culture warriors have used such storytelling to transform democratic debates into “toxic wars” over American identity. The villains in these noxious stories are people of color, feminists, and LGBTQ+ folk, who “are singled out and treated as enemies of the state.”

It gets worse. The ultimate purpose of the stories is less to persuade people of their views (although that’s certainly part of it) than to delegitimize the very idea of objective truth. As reviewer Mark Dery summarizes Newitz’s thesis,

The goal isn’t so much to persuade people as to disorient them or, as Russian psywar operatives like to call it, maskirovka—“baffling people with bullshit.” Under Putin, says Newitz, “government agencies flood social media with misinformation.” Russians “don’t trust their government; they don’t trust educators and scientists; and they don’t trust one another,” a US Army psyop instructor tells Newitz. America is beginning to look a lot like Putinland.

While fully acknowledging the dangers Newitz identifies, reviews of her book have been less impressed with her solutions. Kirkus Reviews writes,

In the obligatory how-to-fix-it conclusion, Newitz emphasizes tolerance, agreeing to disagree, and promoting evidence over emotion….Searching for alternatives, the author promotes spreading democratic ideals through storytelling in “applied science fiction” or a transformed, “rejuvenated” public library. “When we immerse ourselves in the silence of the library,” writes Newitz, “we learn the most fundamental defense against psyops. Our minds belong to us.”

Whether or not libraries will save us, this certainly helps explain the wholesale attack on libraries we are seeing around the country. For a recent example, an Idaho friend has just filled me in on the assault by her state legislators on public libraries: they have just passed a new law decreeing that if a library doesn’t remove and relocate a book challenged by a patron within 60 days, that patron can file a lawsuit. A library that violates the law faces a mandatory $250 fine.

Dery is equally skeptical of another Newitz “hopeful dream,” which is that skilled first responders at tech platforms will spot “propaganda outbreaks” and contain them “before they burn through the public mind.” To which Dery essentially responds, “Good luck with that.” After all, we’ve just seen Mark Zuckerberg regretting that he censored false Covid information on Facebook, even though censoring false medical information may have saved thousands of lives. Dery writes that the prospect of seeing any social media CEO “doing anything that cuts into their obscene profit margins are less than zero.”

But it’s not like others have better solutions. In a New York Times article, Lyta Gold may write that fiction writers should “insist on having their work judged on its merits and not on whether it provides moral instruction or inculcates the right social value.” Chances that readers will pay attention to such insistence, however, are also less than zero.

Oscar Wilde, for instance, tried this line of defense at his trial when the prosecution argued that Picture of Dorian Gray promoted homosexuality—or as the prosecutor put it, that “the affection and love of the artist of Dorian Gray might lead an ordinary individual to believe that it might have a certain tendency?” This led to the following interchange:

Carson–This is in your introduction to Dorian Gray: “There is no such thing as a moral or an immoral book. Books are well written, or badly written.” That expresses your view?
Wilde—My view on art, yes.
C–Then, I take it, that no matter how immoral a book may be, if it is well written, it is, in your opinion, a good book?
W—Yes, if it were well written so as to produce a sense of beauty, which is the highest sense of which a human being can be capable. If it were badly written, it would produce a sense of disgust.
C–Then a well-written book putting forward perverted moral views may be a good book?
W—No work of art ever puts forward views. Views belong to people who are not artists.
C–A perverted novel might be a good book?
W–I don’t know what you mean by a “perverted” novel.
C–Then I will suggest Dorian Gray as open to the interpretation of being such a novel?
W–That could only be to brutes and illiterates. The views of Philistines on art are incalculably stupid.

In Seduced by Story, Peter Brooks offers a different solution, advocating that students be required to take courses that focus on how narrative works. In so doing, his reasoning goes, they will be able to distinguish between harmful and beneficial uses of narrative.

My own recommendation is a variation of this: while I don’t think that every literature course has to focus on narratology, I believe that great literature has salutary lessons embedded in it because it gets us to grapples with life’s biggest question on an emotional, rational, and spiritual plane.

In other words, if one gets students excited about good literature, half the battle has been won. British-Indian author Salman Rushdie agrees. Responding in a 2018 essay to the torrent of lies emanating from the Donald Trump White House, he pointed out that the classics will always remain relevant because of their commitment to truth. Seeing literature as essentially a “no bullshit” zone, Rushdie wrote that the job of contemporary writers was “rebuilding our readers’ belief in reality.”

Unlike the toxic stories that Newitz describes, great literature has depth, nuance, complexity, and aesthetic power. Those who have had experience with such works are less likely to settle for the boring and one-dimensional stories that are the stock and trade of ideologues and political scoundrels. They’ll demand works that feed the soul, not fictions that prey on fear and resentment. Teachers and librarians are key to making sure they find these works.

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Gorman Dares Us to Dream Together

Amanda Gorman at the Democratic National Convention

Tuesday

In days gone by, it was common to employ poets to compose poems for public events. Often such poems were an important source of income for the writers, especially if the occasion was a coronation or an important funeral. Occasional poetry (as it is called) was often written to flatter a wealthy patron, upon whom one’s livelihood depended.

To a large degree, occasional poetry has fallen out of favor. We’ve come to associate poetry more with the lyrical expression of personal emotions and feelings. Still, people will still compose poems for wedding and funerals or, more frequently, read the poems of other people. And of course, we’re accustomed now to hear poets reading at the inaugurations of Democratic (but not Republican) presidents: Robert Frost for Kennedy, James Dickey for Carter, Maya Angelou and Miller Williams for Clinton, Elizabeth Alexander and Richard Blanco for Obama, and Amanda Gorman for Biden. Therefore, Democrats at last week’s convention were not surprised with Gorman once again stepped to the podum, this time to read a poem entitled “Dream Together.”

I’ve transcribed the poem from Gorman’s oral presentation so I don’t know where the line breaks and stanza breaks fall or what punctuation she employs. Feel free to rearrange the poem as you read it.

Also as you read it, see how many allusions you can identify to historically important American documents.

Dream Together
By Amanda Gorman

We gather at this hallowed place
because we believe in the American Dream

We face a race that tests
if this country we cherish
shall perish from the earth,
and if our earth
shall perish
from this country.

It falls to us to ensure
that we do not fall
for a people that cannot stand together,
cannot stand at all.

We are one family
regardless of religion, class, or color
for what defines a patriot
is not just our love of liberty
but our love for one another.
This is loud in our country’s call
because, while we all love freedom,
it is love that frees us all.

Empathy emancipates,
making us greater
than hate or vanity.
That is the American promise,
powerful and pure.
Divided, we cannot endure
but united, we can endeavor
to humanize our democracy
and endear democracy to humanity.

And make no mistake,
cohering is the hardest task
history ever wrote.
But tomorrow is not written
by our odds of hardship
but by the audacity of our hope
by the vitality of our vote.

Only now, approaching this rare air,
are we aware that perhaps
the American dream
is no dream at all,
but instead a dare to dream together.

Like a million roots tethered,
branching up humbly,
making one tree this is our country,
from many one,
from battles won,
our freedom sung,
our kingdom come
has just begun.

We redeem this sacred scene
ready for our journey from it together;
we must birth this early republic
and achieve an unearthly summit

Let us not just believe
in the American Dream.
Let us be worthy of it.

I suspect you picked up echoes of Lincoln’s “Gettysburg Address,” Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech, and Barack Obama’s signature campaign declaration (“the audacity of hope”). And there’s also the Lord’s Prayer.

Such references were particularly important for this convention, where the Democrats were attempting to reclaim a patriotic narrative that has, too often, been wrested from them by Republicans. As Kamala Harris pointed out in her acceptance speech, for the daughter of immigrant parents–one raised in a middle class community–to have a strong shot at the presidency is a quintessentially American story.

A story worth celebrating by a poet who dares us to dream together.

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